Oracle String Functions
Version 11.2
 
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ASCII
Get The ASCII Value Of A Character ASCII(ch IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS) RETURN PLS_INTEGER;
SELECT ASCII('A') FROM dual;
SELECT ASCII('Z') FROM dual;
SELECT ASCII('a') FROM dual;
SELECT ASCII('z') FROM dual;
SELECT ASCII(' ') FROM dual;
 
CASE Related Functions
Upper Case

Overload 1		 UPPER(ch IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT UPPER('Dan Morgan') FROM dual;
Upper Case

Overload 2		 UPPER(ch IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT UPPER('Dan Morgan') FROM dual;
Lower Case

Overload 1		 LOWER(ch IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT LOWER('Dan Morgan') FROM dual;
Lower Case

Overload 2		 LOWER(ch IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT LOWER('Dan Morgan') FROM dual;
Initial Letter Upper Case INITCAP(ch IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT INITCAP('DAN MORGAN') FROM dual;
NLS Upper Case

Overload 1		 NLS_UPPER(
ch    IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
parms IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT NLS_UPPER('Dan Morgan', 'NLS_SORT = XDanish')
FROM dual;
NLS Upper Case

Overload 2		 NLS_UPPER(ch IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT NLS_UPPER('Dan Morgan')
FROM dual;
NLS Upper Case

Overload 3		 NLS_UPPER(
ch    IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
parms IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT NLS_UPPER('Dan Morgan', 'NLS_SORT = XDanish')
FROM dual;
NLS Upper Case

Overload 4		 NLS_UPPER(ch IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT NLS_UPPER('Dan Morgan')
FROM dual;
NLS Lower Case

Overload 1		 NLS_LOWER(
ch    IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
parms IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT NLS_LOWER('Dan Morgan', 'NLS_SORT = XFrench')
FROM dual;
NLS Lower Case

Overload 2		 NLS_LOWER(ch IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT NLS_LOWER('Dan Morgan')
FROM dual;
NLS Lower Case

Overload 3		 NLS_LOWER(
ch    IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
parms IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT NLS_LOWER('Dan Morgan', 'NLS_SORT = XFrench')
FROM dual;
NLS Lower Case

Overload 4		 NLS_LOWER(ch IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT NLS_LOWER('Dan Morgan')
FROM dual;
NLS Initial Letter Upper Case

Overload 1		 NLS_INITCAP(
ch    IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
parms IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT NLS_INITCAP('DAN MORGAN', 'NLS_SORT = XGerman')
FROM dual;
NLS Initial Letter Upper Case

Overload 2		 NLS_INITCAP(ch IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
SELECT NLS_INITCAP('DAN MORGAN')
FROM dual;
 
CHR
Character CHR(n IN PLS_INTEGER) RETURN VARCHAR2;
SELECT(CHR(68) || CHR(65) || CHR(78)) FROM dual;

SELECT(CHR(68) || CHR(97) || CHR(110)) FROM dual;
 
COALESCE

Returns the first non-null occurrence		 COALESCE(<value>, <value>, <value>, ...)
CREATE TABLE test (
col1  VARCHAR2(1),
col2  VARCHAR2(1),
col3  VARCHAR2(1));

INSERT INTO test VALUES (NULL, 'B', 'C');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('A', NULL, 'C');
INSERT INTO test VALUES (NULL, NULL, 'C');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('A', 'B', 'C');

SELECT COALESCE(col1, col2, col3) FROM test;
 
CONCAT
Concatenate

Overload 1		 standard.CONCAT(
left   VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
right  VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET LEFT%CHARSET;
SELECT CONCAT('Dan ', 'Morgan') FROM dual;

Concatenate

Overload 2		 CONCAT(
left  IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
right IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET LEFT%CHARSET;
set serveroutput on

DECLARE
 c1 CLOB := TO_CLOB('Dan ');
 c2 CLOB := TO_CLOB('Morgan');
 c3 CLOB;
BEGIN
  SELECT CONCAT('Dan ', 'Morgan')
  INTO c3
  FROM dual;

  dbms_output.put_line(c3);
END;
/
 
CONVERT
Converts a character string from one character set to another

Overload 1		 CONVERT(src IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS, destcset IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET SRCSTR%CHARSET;
SELECT CONVERT('Ä Ê Í Ó Ø A B C D E', 'US7ASCII')
FROM dual;

Overload 2		 CONVERT(
src      IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
destcset IN VARCHAR2,
srccset  IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET SRCSTR%CHARSET;
SELECT CONVERT('Ä Ê Í Ó Ø A B C D E','US7ASCII', 'WE8ISO8859P1')
FROM dual;
Overload 3 CONVERT(srcstr IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS, dstcsn IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET SRCSTR%CHARSET;
TBD

Overload 4		 CONVERT(
srcstr IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
dstcsn IN VARCHAR2,
srccsn IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET SRCSTR%CHARSET;
TBD
 
DUMP

Returns a VARCHAR2 value containing the datatype code, length in bytes, and internal representation of a value		 DUMP(
e   IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
df  IN PLS_INTEGER := NULL,
sp  IN PLS_INTEGER := NULL,
len IN PLS_INTEGER := NULL)
RETURN VARCHAR2;
8 Octal
10 Decimal
16 Hexidecimal
17 Single Characters
1008 octal notation with the character set name
1010 decimal notation with the character set name
1016 hexadecimal notation with the character set name
1017 single characters with the character set name
set linesize 121
col dmp format a50

SELECT table_name, DUMP(table_name) DMP FROM user_tables;

SELECT table_name, DUMP(table_name, 16) DMP FROM user_tables;

SELECT table_name, DUMP(table_name, 16, 7, 4) DMP FROM user_tables;
 
GREATEST
Location of a string, within another string, in bytes GREATEST(pattern IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET pattern%CHARSET;
SELECT GREATEST('Dan Morgan', 'Tom Kyte', 'Jonathan Lewis', 'Richard Foote') FROM dual;
 
INSTR
See links at page bottom
 
INSTRB
Location of a string, within another string, in bytes

Overload 1		 INSTRB(
str1 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,        -- test string
str2 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET,  -- string to locate
pos  IN PLS_INTEGER := 1,                     -- position
nth  IN POSITIVE := 1)                        -- occurrence number
RETURN PLS_INTEGER;
SELECT INSTRB('Dan Morgan', ' ', 1, 1) FROM dual;
Overload 2 INSTRB(
str1 IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
str2 IN CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET,
pos  IN INTEGER := 1, NTH INTEGER := 1)
RETURN INTEGER;
SELECT INSTRB('Dan Morgan', ' ', 1) FROM dual;
 
INSTRC
Location of a string, within another string, in Unicode complete characters INSTRC(
str1 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,        -- test string
str2 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET,  -- string to locate
pos  IN PLS_INTEGER := 1,                     -- position
nth  IN POSITIVE := 1)                        -- occurrence number
RETURN PLS_INTEGER;
SELECT INSTRC('Dan Morgan', ' ', 1, 1) FROM dual;
 
INSTR2
Location of a string, within another string, in UCS2 code points INSTR2(
str1 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,        -- test string
str2 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET,  -- string to locate
pos  IN PLS_INTEGER := 1,                     -- position
nth  IN POSITIVE := 1)                        -- occurrence number
RETURN PLS_INTEGER;
SELECT INSTR2('Dan Morgan', ' ', 1, 1) FROM dual;
 
INSTR4
Location of a string, within another string, in UCS4 code points INSTR4(
str1 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,        -- test string
str2 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET,  -- string to locate
pos  IN PLS_INTEGER := 1,                     -- position
nth  IN POSITIVE := 1)                        -- occurrence number
RETURN PLS_INTEGER;
SELECT INSTR4('Dan Morgan', ' ', 1, 1) FROM dual;
 
LEAST
Location of a string, within another string, in bytes LEAST(pattern IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET pattern%CHARSET;
SELECT GREATEST('Dan Morgan', 'Tom Kyte', 'Jonathan Lewis', 'Richard Foote') FROM dual;
 
LENGTH
String Length LENGTH(ch IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS) RETURN NATURAL;
SELECT LENGTH('Dan Morgan') FROM dual;
String Length LENGTH(ch IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS) RETURN INTEGER;
SELECT LENGTH('Dan Morgan') FROM dual;
 
LENGTHB
Returns length in bytes LENGTHB(<char_varchar2_or_clob_value>)
SELECT table_name, LENGTHB(table_name) FROM user_tables;
Note: Additional forms of LENGTH (LENGTHC, LENGTH2, and LENGTH4) are also available.
 
LPAD
Left Pad

Overload 1		 LPAD(
str1 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
len  IN PLS_INTEGER,
PAD  IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
SELECT LPAD('Dan Morgan', 25, 'x') FROM dual;
Overload 2 LPAD(
str1 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
len  IN PLS_INTEGER)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
SELECT LPAD('Dan Morgan', 25) FROM dual;
Overload 3 LPAD(
str1 IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
len  IN NUMBER,
PAD  IN CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
TBD
Overload 4 LPAD(
str1 IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
len  IN INTEGER)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
TBD
 
LTRIM
Left Trim

Overload 1		 LTRIM(
str1 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS := ' ',
tset IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
SELECT '->' || LTRIM('   Dan Morgan   ') || '<-' FROM dual;
Overload 2 LTRIM(str1 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS := ' ')
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
SELECT '->' || LTRIM('xxx Dan Morgan   ') || '<-' FROM dual;

SELECT '->' || LTRIM('xxxDan Morgan   ', 'x') || '<-' FROM dual;
Overload 3 LTRIM(
str1 IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
tset IN CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
TBD
Overload 4 LTRIM(str1 IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS) RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
TBD
 
MAX
The Maximum String based on the current sort parameter MAX(<character_string>)
SELECT MAX(table_name)
FROM user_tables;
 
MIN
The Minimum String based on the current sort parameter MIN(<character_string>)
SELECT MIN(table_name)
FROM user_tables;
 
NCHR
National Character NCHR(n IN PLS_INTEGER) RETURN NVARCHAR2;
SELECT(NCHR(68) || NCHR(65) || NCHR(78)) FROM dual;

SELECT(NCHR(68) || NCHR(97) || NCHR(110)) FROM dual;
 
NLSSORT

Returns the string of bytes used to sort a string.

The string returned is of RAW data type

Overload 1		 NLSSORT(c IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS) RETURN RAW;
CREATE TABLE test (name VARCHAR2(15));
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('Gaardiner');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('Gaberd');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('Gâberd');
COMMIT;

SELECT * FROM test ORDER BY name;

SELECT * FROM test
ORDER BY NLSSORT(name, 'NLS_SORT = XDanish');

SELECT * FROM test
ORDER BY NLSSORT(name, 'NLS_SORT = BINARY_CI');

Overload 2		 NLSSORT(c IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS, c2 IN VARCHAR2) RETURN RAW;
SELECT * FROM test
ORDER BY NLSSORT(name);
 
Quote Delimiters

q used to define a quote delimiter for PL/SQL		 q'<delimiter><string><delimiter>';
set serveroutput on

DECLARE
 s0 VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
  s0 := 'This isn't cool';
  dbms_output.put_line(s0);
END;
/

DECLARE
 s0 VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
  s0 := 'This isn''t cool';
  dbms_output.put_line(s0);
END;
/

DECLARE
 s1 VARCHAR2(20);
 s2 VARCHAR2(20);
 s3 VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
  s1 := q'[Isn't this cool]';
  s2 := q'"Isn't this cool"';
  s3 := q'|Isn't this cool|';

  dbms_output.put_line(s1);
  dbms_output.put_line(s2);
  dbms_output.put_line(s3);
END;
/
 
REPLACE
See links at page bottom
 
REVERSE
Reverse REVERSE(<string_or_column>)
SELECT REVERSE('Dan Morgan') FROM dual;

SELECT DUMP('Dan Morgan') FROM dual;
SELECT DUMP(REVERSE('Dan Morgan')) FROM dual;
 
RPAD
Right Pad

Overload 1		 RPAD(
str1 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
len  IN PLS_INTEGER,
pad  IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
SELECT RPAD('Dan Morgan', 25, 'x') FROM dual;
Overload 2 RPAD(
str1 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
len  IN PLS_INTEGER)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
SELECT RPAD('Dan Morgan', 25) ||'<-' FROM dual;
Overload 3 RPAD(
str1 IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
len  IN INTEGER,
pad  IN CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
TBD
Overload 4 RPAD(
str1 IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
len  IN INTEGER)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
TBD
 
RTRIM
Right Trim

Overload 1		 RTRIM(
str1 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS := ' ',
tset IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
SELECT '->' || RTRIM('   Dan Morganxxx') || '<-' FROM dual;
SELECT '->' || RTRIM('   Dan Morganxxx', 'xxx') || '<-' FROM dual;
Overload 2 RTRIM(str1   IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS := ' ')
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
SELECT '->' || RTRIM('   Dan Morgan   ') || '<-' FROM dual;
Overload 3 RTRIM(
str1 IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
tset IN CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
TBD
Overload 4 RTRIM(str1 IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS) RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
TBD
 
SOUNDEX

Returns Character String Containing The Phonetic Representation Of Another String		 Rules:
  • Retain the first letter of the string and remove all other occurrences of the following letters: a, e, h, i, o, u, w, y
  • Assign numbers to the remaining letters (after the first) as
    follows:
    b, f, p, v = 1
    c, g, j, k, q, s, x, z = 2
    d, t = 3
    l = 4
    m, n = 5
    r = 6
  • If two or more letters with the same number were adjacent in the original name (before step 1), or adjacent except for any intervening h and w, then omit all but the first.
  • Return the first four bytes padded with 0.
SOUNDEX(ch IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ch%CHARSET;
CREATE TABLE test (
namecol VARCHAR2(15));

INSERT INTO test (namecol) VALUES ('Smith');
INSERT INTO test (namecol) VALUES ('Smyth');
INSERT INTO test (namecol) VALUES ('Smythe');
INSERT INTO test (namecol) VALUES ('Smither');
INSERT INTO test (namecol) VALUES ('Smidt');
INSERT INTO test (namecol) VALUES ('Smick');
INSERT INTO test (namecol) VALUES ('Smiff');
COMMIT;

SELECT name, SOUNDEX(namecol) FROM test;
-- Thanks Frank van Bortel for the idea for the above

SELECT *
FROM test
WHERE SOUNDEX(namecol) = SOUNDEX('SMITH');
 
SUBSTR
See links at page bottom
 
SUBSTRB
Returns a substring counting bytes rather than characters

Overload 1		 SUBSTRB(
str1 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
pos  IN PLS_INTEGER,                -- starting byte position
len  IN PLS_INTEGER := 2147483647)  -- number of bytes
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
See Demos on the Substring Page
Overload 2 SUBSTR(
str1 IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
posS IN INTEGER,
len  IN INTEGER := 18446744073709551615)
RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
See Demos on the Substring Page
 
SUBSTRC
Returns a substring within another string, using Unicode code points SUBSTRC(
str1 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
pos  IN PLS_INTEGER,                -- starting position
len  IN PLS_INTEGER := 2147483647)  -- number of unicode complete characters
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
See Demos on the Substring Page
 
SUBSTR2
Returns a substring within another string, using UCS2 code points SUBSTR2(
str1 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
pos  IN PLS_INTEGER,                -- starting position
len  IN PLS_INTEGER := 2147483647)  -- number of UCS2 code points
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
See Demos on the Substring Page
 
SUBSTR4
Returns a substring within another string, using UCS4 code points SUBSTR4(
str1 IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
pos  IN PLS_INTEGER,                -- starting position
len  IN PLS_INTEGER := 2147483647)  -- number of UCS4 code points
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET STR1%CHARSET;
See Demos on the Substring Page
 
TRANSLATE
See links at page bottom
 
TREAT
Changes The Declared Type Of An Expression TREAT (<expression> AS REF schema.type)) 
SELECT name, TREAT(VALUE(p) AS employee_t).salary SALARY
FROM persons p;
 
TRIM (variations are LTRIM and RTRIM)

Trim Spaces

Overload 1		 TRIM(v IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET v%CHARSET;
SELECT '   Dan Morgan    ' FROM dual;

SELECT TRIM('   Dan Morgan   ') FROM dual;
SELECT TRIM('D' FROM 'Dan Morgan') FROM dual;
SELECT ASCII(SUBSTR('Dan Morgan',1,1)) FROM dual;

SELECT TRIM(CHR(68) FROM 'Dan Morgan') FROM dual;
Trim Spaces

Overload 2		 TRIM(v IN CLOB CHARACTER SET ANY_CS) RETURN CLOB CHARACTER SET v%CHARSET;
TBD
 
Vertical Bars

Also known as Pipes		 '||' (
left  IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS,
right IN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET ANY_CS)
RETURN VARCHAR2 CHARACTER SET LEFT%CHARSET;
SELECT 'Dan' || ' ' || 'Morgan' FROM dual;

with alias

SELECT 'Dan' || ' ' || 'Morgan' NAME FROM dual;
or
SELECT 'Dan' || ' ' || 'Morgan' AS NAME FROM dual;
 
VSIZE
Returns The Number Of Bytes Required By A Value VSIZE(e IN VARCHAR2) RETURN NUMBER
SELECT VSIZE('Dan Morgan') FROM dual;
 
Related Topics
CASE
DBMS_LOB
Decode
Instring
Miscellaneous Functions
Operators (Built-in)
Regular Expressions
Replace
Substring
Translate
XML Functions
 
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